![]() In the late afternoon of 8 November 1895, Röntgen was determined to test his idea. It occurred to Röntgen that the Crookes–Hittorf tube, which had a much thicker glass wall than the Lenard tube, might also cause this fluorescent effect. Röntgen knew that the cardboard covering prevented light from escaping, yet he observed that the invisible cathode rays caused a fluorescent effect on a small cardboard screen painted with barium platinocyanide when it was placed close to the aluminium window. In early November, he was repeating an experiment with one of Lenard's tubes in which a thin aluminium window had been added to permit the cathode rays to exit the tube but a cardboard covering was added to protect the aluminium from damage by the strong electrostatic field that produces the cathode rays. He remained in Munich for the rest of his career.ĭuring 1895, at his laboratory in the Würzburg Physical Institute of the University of Würzburg, Röntgen was investigating the external effects from the various types of vacuum tube equipment-apparatuses from Heinrich Hertz, Johann Hittorf, William Crookes, Nikola Tesla and Philipp von Lenard-when an electrical discharge is passed through them. He accepted an appointment at Columbia University in New York City and bought transatlantic tickets, before the outbreak of World War I changed his plans. Röntgen had family in Iowa in the United States and planned to emigrate. In 1888, he obtained the physics chair at the University of Würzburg, and in 1900 at the University of Munich, by special request of the Bavarian government. He returned to Strasbourg as a professor of physics in 1876, and in 1879, he was appointed to the chair of physics at the University of Giessen. In 1875, he became a professor at the Academy of Agriculture at Hohenheim, Württemberg. In 1874, Röntgen became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's marble bust at the Deutsches Museum in Munich ( November 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. This section needs additional citations for verification. Birthplace of Röntgen in Remscheid-Lennep Wall art by the house where Wilhelm Röntgen lived from 1863 until 1865 in the Schalkwijkstraat in Utrecht. In 1869, he graduated with a PhD from the University of Zurich once there, he became a favourite student of Professor August Kundt, whom he followed to the newly founded German Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität in Strasbourg. ![]() Upon hearing that he could enter the Federal Polytechnic Institute in Zurich (today known as the ETH Zurich), he passed the entrance examination and began his studies there as a student of mechanical engineering. In 1865, he tried to attend Utrecht University without having the necessary credentials required for a regular student. Without a high school diploma, Röntgen could only attend university in the Netherlands as a visitor. In 1865, he was unfairly expelled from high school when one of his teachers intercepted a caricature of one of the teachers, which was drawn by someone else. He followed courses at the Technical School for almost two years. Röntgen attended high school at Utrecht Technical School in Utrecht, Netherlands. At age three his family moved to the Netherlands where his mother's family lived. He was born to Friedrich Conrad Röntgen, a German merchant and cloth manufacturer, and Charlotte Constanze Frowein. ![]() The unit of measurement roentgen was also named after him. In honour of Röntgen's accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen ( / ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n, - dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/ German pronunciation: ⓘ 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
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